使用mkisofs将指定目录做成ISO镜像
我们一般使用 dd 命令来将整个磁盘或分区做成镜像。但是若只想将某个目录做成镜像，似乎就没有办法了。
在网上搜索了一番，找到了一个 mkisofs 工具。
安装
mkisofs是属于 cdrtools 软件包中的一个工具。在archlinux上可以直接使用 pacman 进行安装
sudo pacman -S cdrtools --noconfirm
resolving dependencies... looking for conflicting packages... Packages (1) cdrtools-3.02a09-1 Total Installed Size: 4.06 MiB Net Upgrade Size: 0.00 MiB :: Proceed with installation? [Y/n] (0/1) checking keys in keyring [----------------------] 0% (1/1) checking keys in keyring [######################] 100% (0/1) checking package integrity [----------------------] 0% (1/1) checking package integrity [######################] 100% (0/1) loading package files [----------------------] 0% (1/1) loading package files [######################] 100% (0/1) checking for file conflicts [----------------------] 0% (1/1) checking for file conflicts [######################] 100% (0/1) checking available disk space [----------------------] 0% (1/1) checking available disk space [######################] 100% :: Processing package changes... (1/1) reinstalling cdrtools [----------------------] 0% (1/1) reinstalling cdrtools [######################] 100% :: Running post-transaction hooks... (1/1) Arming ConditionNeedsUpdate...
使用
使用mkisofs创建指定目录的ISO镜像非常简单:
mkisofs -o ${iso_filename} ${directory} 2>&1
Setting input-charset to 'UTF-8' from locale. Total translation table size: 0 Total rockridge attributes bytes: 0 Total directory bytes: 0 Path table size(bytes): 10 Max brk space used 0 320 extents written (0 MB)
更夸张的是， mkisofs 支持通过 find 条件来过滤要做到ISO镜像中的文件和目录
mkisofs -o ${iso_filename} -find ${find条件}
例如，我要将当前目录下所有的 .org 文件都放到镜像中，那么可以这样做
mkisofs -o /tmp/org.iso -find ./ -name "*.org" 2>&1
Setting input-charset to 'UTF-8' from locale. mkisofs: Symlink ./reinstall-arch.org ignored - continuing. mkisofs: Symlink ./.#使用mkisofs将指定目录做成ISO镜像.org ignored - continuing. Using _____000.ORG;1 for /小指头的妙用.org (如何创建最小的容器镜像.org) Using _____001.ORG;1 for /如何创建最小的容器镜像.org (如何加载linux kernel module.org) Using _____002.ORG;1 for /如何加载linux kernel module.org (如何查看进程的内存占用量.org) Using _____003.ORG;1 for /如何查看进程的内存占用量.org (如何设置容器中的时区.org) Using ___AR000.ORG;1 for /在archlinux上挂载virtualbox磁盘镜像文件.org (在Archlinux上进行时钟同步.org) Using _____004.ORG;1 for /如何设置容器中的时区.org (保护容器部署安全的一些技巧.org) Using LINUX000.ORG;1 for /linux下的SysRq键.org (linux如何设置时区.org) Using _____005.ORG;1 for /保护容器部署安全的一些技巧.org (如何在archlinux上安装RPM包.org) Using ___OR000.ORG;1 for /在OrangePi上安装Lychee进行照片管理.org (把Orange Pi Lite打造成ubuntu server.org) Using ___OR001.ORG;1 for /把Orange Pi Lite打造成ubuntu server.org (把Orange Pi打造成影音云存储服务器.org) Using _____006.ORG;1 for /如何在archlinux上安装RPM包.org (获取系统物理地址的方法.org) Using _____007.ORG;1 for /获取系统物理地址的方法.org (如何保留命令替换结果中的换行符.org) Using LINUX001.ORG;1 for /linux如何设置时区.org (linux内存的分配和释放.org) Using LINUX002.ORG;1 for /linux内存的分配和释放.org (linux中网络相关的那些配置文件.org) Using _____008.ORG;1 for /如何保留命令替换结果中的换行符.org (安全的SSH设置.org) Using _____009.ORG;1 for /安全的SSH设置.org (常用的8个第三方YUM源.org) Using _____00A.ORG;1 for /使用shell控制OrangePi的发光二极管.org (使用shell构建多进程的commandlinefu爬虫.org) Using _____00B.ORG;1 for /十大GitHub最佳实践.org (使用git的一些小技巧.org) Using FIREF000.ORG;1 for /Firefox提示插件认证过期的解决方法.org (Firefox一次关闭多个标签页.org) Using LINUX003.ORG;1 for /linux中网络相关的那些配置文件.org (linux下rar文件常用操作.org) Using ___AR001.ORG;1 for /在Archlinux上进行时钟同步.org (在Archlinux下安装和使用Skype.org) Using _____00C.ORG;1 for /常用的8个第三方YUM源.org (如何在Linux上查看RAM信息.org) Using _____00D.ORG;1 for /清空docker container logs.org (创建Docker Swarm集群.org) Using _____00E.ORG;1 for /提高libreoffice效率的小窍门.org (我的linux终端工具.org) Using ___AR002.ORG;1 for /在Archlinux下安装和使用Skype.org (在archlinux安装配置VNC Server.org) Using LINUX004.ORG;1 for /linux下rar文件常用操作.org (linux如何更改网卡MAC地址.org) Using _____00F.ORG;1 for /我的linux终端工具.org (利用linux清空Windows登陆密码.org) Using _____00G.ORG;1 for /如何在Linux上查看RAM信息.org (被误用的svn checkout.org) Using 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/把Orange Pi打造成影音云存储服务器.org (将OrangePiLite打造成BT下载服务器.org) Using _____00Q.ORG;1 for /如何多用户共享tmux session.org (如何退出无响应的ssh会话.org) Using SHELL000.ORG;1 for /shell中的那些初始化文件.org (shell中如何将其他进制数转换成10进制数.org) Using _____00R.ORG;1 for /使用rename批量重命名文件.org (使用redshift保护你的睡眠质量.org) Using _____00S.ORG;1 for /使用logsave将命令输出保存起来.org (使用losetup帮你创建虚拟磁盘.org) Using _____00T.ORG;1 for /如何退出无响应的ssh会话.org (如何使用sudo命令来添加内容到文件中.org) Using _____00U.ORG;1 for /如何使用sudo命令来添加内容到文件中.org (误删除dev下特殊文件怎么办.org) Using _____00V.ORG;1 for /误删除dev下特殊文件怎么办.org (如何复制文件的权限和所属关系.org) Using LINUX006.ORG;1 for /Linux下的那些教育类软件集合.org (linux定时休眠.org) Using ___AR005.ORG;1 for /在archlinux中使用蓝牙耳机.org (为Archlinux安装Android双启动.org) Using ___OR003.ORG;1 for /将OrangePiLite打造成BT下载服务器.org (把Orange Pi打造成AirPlay无线音响.org) Using _____00W.ORG;1 for /如何复制文件的权限和所属关系.org (如何不使用第三方工具查看笔记本的电量还剩多少.org) Using _____00X.ORG;1 for /如何不使用第三方工具查看笔记本的电量还剩多少.org (如何在xargs中使用自定义函数.org) Using _____00Y.ORG;1 for /如何在xargs中使用自定义函数.org (一个学习SQL的网站.org) Using ___OR004.ORG;1 for /把Orange Pi打造成AirPlay无线音响.org (将OrangePi打造成中央日志服务器.org) Using _____00Z.ORG;1 for /一个学习SQL的网站.org (目录跳转神器z的实现原理和使用方法.org) Using ___OR005.ORG;1 for /将OrangePi打造成中央日志服务器.org (把OrangePiLite打造成shadowsocks服务器.org) Using LINUX007.ORG;1 for /linux定时休眠.org (linux重要日志说明.org) Using _____010.ORG;1 for /目录跳转神器z的实现原理和使用方法.org (识别文件格式的那些工具.org) Using _____011.ORG;1 for /识别文件格式的那些工具.org (拷贝一个文件到多个目录的几种方法.org) Using BASH_000.ORG;1 for /Bash中的keymap与bind命令.org (bash中的扩展通配符.org) Using _____012.ORG;1 for /拷贝一个文件到多个目录的几种方法.org (如何编写bash completion script.org) Using _____013.ORG;1 for /如何编写bash completion script.org (查找某个文件属于哪个package的方法.org) Using _____014.ORG;1 for /查找某个文件属于哪个package的方法.org (将视频转换成gif的方法.org) Using _____015.ORG;1 for /连接Android手机到ArchLinux上.org (编写ansible playbook的一些注意事项.org) Using _____016.ORG;1 for /将视频转换成gif的方法.org (一个显示中文格言的fortune文件.org) Using AWESO000.ORG;1 for /AwesomeWM中的client.org (awesomewm配置.org) Using _____017.ORG;1 for /使用cryptmount创建加密镜像保存机密文件.org (使用cryptsetup创建加密磁盘.org) Using _____018.ORG;1 for /一个显示中文格言的fortune文件.org (让你的终端雪花飞舞.org) Using _____019.ORG;1 for /让你的终端雪花飞舞.org (命令的执行环境.org) Using _____01A.ORG;1 for /使用shell构建多进程的commandlinefu爬虫.org (使用shred彻底删除文件.org) Using _____01B.ORG;1 for /命令的执行环境.org (一个分析正则表达式的好网站.org) Using _____01C.ORG;1 for /一个分析正则表达式的好网站.org (我所不知道的printf命令特性.org) Using _____01D.ORG;1 for /使用bash随机更换壁纸.org (使用bash-it重新规划bash配置.org) Using BASH_001.ORG;1 for /bash中的扩展通配符.org (Bash中的那些有趣的内置变量.org) Using _____01E.ORG;1 for /检查linux命令是否存在的正确方式.org (保证linux登陆密码的质量.org) Using _____01F.ORG;1 for /关闭firefox的全屏提示.org (使用file命令识别磁盘文件格式.org) Using ARCHL000.ORG;1 for /archlinux安装nvidia驱动.org (archlinux如何降级安装软件包.org) Using SSH__000.ORG;1 for /ssh远程执行脚本后无返回的解决方法.org (ssh端口转发说明.org) Using ___OR006.ORG;1 for /把OrangePiLite打造成shadowsocks服务器.org (在OrangePi上使用Docker-Compose搭建蚂蚁笔记服务器.org) Using _____01G.ORG;1 for /使用shred彻底删除文件.org (使用shell察看OrangePi的温度.org) Using ___OR007.ORG;1 for /在OrangePi上使用Docker-Compose搭建蚂蚁笔记服务器.org (把Orange Pi打造成多功能下载机.org) Using LINUX008.ORG;1 for /linux重要日志说明.org (linux是如何记录日志的.org) Using _____01H.ORG;1 for /我所不知道的printf命令特性.org (一行命令把OrangePi打造成文件云服务器.org) Using _____01I.ORG;1 for /一行命令把OrangePi打造成文件云服务器.org (命令行查看GPU内存容量.org) Using _____01J.ORG;1 for /编写ansible playbook的一些注意事项.org (使用anacron定期执行任务.org) Using _____01K.ORG;1 for /命令行查看GPU内存容量.org (删除文件时发生了些什么事情.org) Using _____01L.ORG;1 for /删除文件时发生了些什么事情.org (不死的sed.org) Using _____01M.ORG;1 for /不死的sed.org (终端环境使用w3m访问视频站点的正确方式.org) Using SSH__001.ORG;1 for /ssh端口转发说明.org (ssh使用跳板机访问远程服务器.org) Using BASH_002.ORG;1 for /Bash中的那些有趣的内置变量.org (Bash中的那些快捷键.org) Using _____01N.ORG;1 for /使用chrt修改进程调度策略及优先级.org (使用chattr实现对文件属性的精细化管理.org) Using _____01O.ORG;1 for /修复passwd:Authentication token manipulation error的步骤.org (使用parallel加速单线程程序.org) Using _____01P.ORG;1 for /终端环境使用w3m访问视频站点的正确方式.org (如何在linux上安装新字体.org) Using _____01Q.ORG;1 for /如何在linux上安装新字体.org (创建无法用cat显示的文件.org) Using _____01R.ORG;1 for /保证linux登陆密码的质量.org (编译linux kernel.org) Using ___OR008.ORG;1 for /把Orange Pi打造成多功能下载机.org (在OrangePi上运行DOS程序.org) Using _____01S.ORG;1 for /创建无法用cat显示的文件.org (使用管道要注意的几个点.org) Using _____01T.ORG;1 for /编译linux kernel.org (使用libreoffice批量转换文件和打印.org) Using _____01U.ORG;1 for /使用管道要注意的几个点.org (如何向其他用户隐藏进程信息.org) Using ___OR009.ORG;1 for /在OrangePi上运行DOS程序.org (把Orange Pi打造成git服务器.org) Using _____01V.ORG;1 for /如何向其他用户隐藏进程信息.org (如何更改分区的UUDI.org) Using _____01W.ORG;1 for /如何更改分区的UUDI.org (如何禁用history.org) Using _____01X.ORG;1 for /强制ssh使用密码认证登陆服务器.org (排查SSH X11 Forwarding无效的步骤.org) Using ARCHL001.ORG;1 for /archlinux如何降级安装软件包.org (archlinux开启指纹登陆.org) Using _____01Y.ORG;1 for /使用parallel加速单线程程序.org (使用partclone备份磁盘分区.org) Using _____01Z.ORG;1 for /运行tail|grep后按下Ctrl-C的过程中发生了什么.org (使用tar代替cp进行拷贝.org) Using ARCHL002.ORG;1 for /archlinux开启指纹登陆.org (archlinux使用virtualbox的几个要点.org) Using _____020.ORG;1 for /如何禁用history.org (如何禁止普通用户查看dmesg信息.org) Total translation table size: 0 Total rockridge attributes bytes: 0 Total directory bytes: 0 Path table size(bytes): 10 Max brk space used 21000 916 extents written (1 MB)
mkisofs本身拥有非常多的选项,可以使用 -help 选项查看各个选项的说明。
mkisofs -help 2>&1
Usage: mkisofs [options] [-find] file... [find expression]
Options:
-find file... [find expr.] Option separator: Use find command line to the right
-posix-H Follow symbolic links encountered on command line
-posix-L Follow all symbolic links
-posix-P Do not follow symbolic links (default)
-abstract FILE Set Abstract filename
-A ID, -appid ID Set Application ID
-biblio FILE Set Bibliographic filename
-cache-inodes Cache inodes (needed to detect hard links)
-no-cache-inodes Do not cache inodes (if filesystem has no unique inodes)
-rrip110 Create old Rock Ridge V 1.10
-rrip112 Create new Rock Ridge V 1.12 (default)
-duplicates-once Optimize storage by encoding duplicate files once
-check-oldnames Check all imported ISO9660 names from old session
-check-session FILE Check all ISO9660 names from previous session
-copyright FILE Set Copyright filename
-debug Set debug flag
-ignore-error Ignore errors
-b FILE, -eltorito-boot FILE
Set El Torito boot image name
-eltorito-alt-boot Start specifying alternative El Torito boot parameters
-eltorito-platform ID Set El Torito platform id for the next boot entry
-B FILES, -sparc-boot FILES Set sparc boot image names
-sunx86-boot FILES Set sunx86 boot image names
-G FILE, -generic-boot FILE Set generic boot image name
-sparc-label label text Set sparc boot disk label
-sunx86-label label text Set sunx86 boot disk label
-c FILE, -eltorito-catalog FILE
Set El Torito boot catalog name
-C PARAMS, -cdrecord-params PARAMS
Magic paramters from cdrecord
-d, -omit-period Omit trailing periods from filenames (violates ISO9660)
-data-change-warn Treat data/size changes as warning only
-dir-mode mode Make the mode of all directories this mode.
-D, -disable-deep-relocation
Disable deep directory relocation (violates ISO9660)
-file-mode mode Make the mode of all plain files this mode.
-errctl name Read error control defs from file or inline.
-f, -follow-links Follow symbolic links
-gid gid Make the group owner of all files this gid.
-graft-points Allow to use graft points for filenames
-root DIR Set root directory for all new files and directories
-old-root DIR Set root directory in previous session that is searched for files
-help Print option help
-hide GLOBFILE Hide ISO9660/RR file
-hide-list FILE File with list of ISO9660/RR files to hide
-hidden GLOBFILE Set hidden attribute on ISO9660 file
-hidden-list FILE File with list of ISO9660 files with hidden attribute
-hide-joliet GLOBFILE Hide Joliet file
-hide-joliet-list FILE File with list of Joliet files to hide
-hide-udf GLOBFILE Hide UDF file
-hide-udf-list FILE File with list of UDF files to hide
-hide-joliet-trans-tbl Hide TRANS.TBL from Joliet tree
-hide-rr-moved Rename RR_MOVED to .rr_moved in Rock Ridge tree
-gui Switch behaviour for GUI
-input-charset CHARSET Local input charset for file name conversion
-output-charset CHARSET Output charset for file name conversion
-iso-level LEVEL Set ISO9660 conformance level (1..3) or 4 for ISO9660 version 2
-J, -joliet Generate Joliet directory information
-joliet-long Allow Joliet file names to be 103 Unicode characters
-jcharset CHARSET Local charset for Joliet directory information
-l, -full-iso9660-filenames Allow full 31 character filenames for ISO9660 names
-max-iso9660-filenames Allow 37 character filenames for ISO9660 names (violates ISO9660)
-allow-leading-dots Allow ISO9660 filenames to start with '.' (violates ISO9660)
-ldots Allow ISO9660 filenames to start with '.' (violates ISO9660)
-log-file LOG_FILE Re-direct messages to LOG_FILE
-long-rr-time Use long Rock Ridge time format
-m GLOBFILE, -exclude GLOBFILE
Exclude file name
-exclude-list FILE File with list of file names to exclude
-hide-ignorecase, -exclude-ignorecase
Ignore case with -exclude-list and -hide* options
-modification-date DATE Set the modification date field of the PVD
-nobak Do not include backup files
-no-bak Do not include backup files
-pad Pad output to a multiple of 32k (default)
-no-pad Do not pad output to a multiple of 32k
-no-limit-pathtables Allow more than 65535 parent directories (violates ISO9660)
-no-long-rr-time Use short Rock Ridge time format
-M FILE, -prev-session FILE Set path to previous session to merge
-dev SCSIdev Set path to previous session to merge
-N, -omit-version-number Omit version number from ISO9660 filename (violates ISO9660)
-new-dir-mode mode Mode used when creating new directories.
-force-rr Inhibit automatic Rock Ridge detection for previous session
-no-rr Inhibit reading of Rock Ridge attributes from previous session
-no-split-symlink-components
Inhibit splitting symlink components
-no-split-symlink-fields Inhibit splitting symlink fields
-o FILE, -output FILE Set output file name
-path-list FILE File with list of pathnames to process
-p PREP, -preparer PREP Set Volume preparer
-print-size Print estimated filesystem size and exit
-publisher PUB Set Volume publisher
-quiet Run quietly
-r, -rational-rock Generate rationalized Rock Ridge directory information
-R, -rock Generate Rock Ridge directory information
-s TYPE, -sectype TYPE Set output sector type to e.g. data/xa1/raw
-short-rr-time Use short Rock Ridge time format
-sort FILE Sort file content locations according to rules in FILE
-isort FILE Sort file content locations according to rules in FILE (ignore case)
-split-output Split output into files of approx. 1GB size
-stream-file-name FILE_NAME Set the stream file ISO9660 name (incl. version)
-stream-media-size # Set the size of your CD media in sectors
-sysid ID Set System ID
-T, -translation-table Generate translation tables for systems that don't understand long filenames
-table-name TABLE_NAME Translation table file name
-ucs-level LEVEL Set Joliet UCS level (1..3)
-udf Generate rationalized UDF file system
-UDF Generate UDF file system
-udf-symlinks Create symbolic links on UDF image (default)
-no-udf-symlinks Do not reate symbolic links on UDF image
-dvd-audio Generate DVD-Audio compliant UDF file system
-dvd-hybrid Generate a hybrid (DVD-Audio and DVD-Video) compliant UDF file system
-dvd-video Generate DVD-Video compliant UDF file system
-uid uid Make the owner of all files this uid.
-U, -untranslated-filenames Allow Untranslated filenames (for HPUX & AIX - violates ISO9660). Forces -l, -d, -N, -allow-leading-dots, -relaxed-filenames, -allow-lowercase, -allow-multidot
-relaxed-filenames Allow 7 bit ASCII except lower case characters (violates ISO9660)
-no-iso-translate Do not translate illegal ISO characters '~', '-' and '#' (violates ISO9660)
-allow-lowercase Allow lower case characters in addition to the current character set (violates ISO9660)
-no-allow-lowercase, +allow-lowercase
Do not allow lower case characters in addition to the current character set.
-allow-multidot Allow more than one dot in filenames (e.g. .tar.gz) (violates ISO9660)
-use-fileversion LEVEL Use file version # from filesystem
-v, -verbose Verbose
-version Print the current version
-V ID, -volid ID Set Volume ID
-volset ID Set Volume set ID
-volset-size # Set Volume set size
-volset-seqno # Set Volume set sequence number
-x FILE, -old-exclude FILE Exclude file name(depreciated)
-hard-disk-boot Boot image is a hard disk image
-no-emul-boot Boot image is 'no emulation' image
-no-boot Boot image is not bootable
-boot-load-seg # Set load segment for boot image
-boot-load-size # Set numbers of load sectors
-boot-info-table Patch boot image with info table
-XA Generate XA directory attributes
-xa Generate rationalized XA directory attributes
-z, -transparent-compression
Enable transparent compression of files
-hfs-type TYPE Set HFS default TYPE
-hfs-creator CREATOR Set HFS default CREATOR
-g, -apple Add Apple ISO9660 extensions
-h, -hfs Create ISO9660/HFS hybrid
-map MAPPING_FILE Map file extensions to HFS TYPE/CREATOR
-magic FILE Magic file for HFS TYPE/CREATOR
-probe Probe all files for Apple/Unix file types
-mac-name Use Macintosh name for ISO9660/Joliet/RockRidge file name
-no-mac-files Do not look for Unix/Mac files (depreciated)
-boot-hfs-file FILE Set HFS boot image name
-part Generate HFS partition table
-cluster-size SIZE Cluster size for PC Exchange Macintosh files
-auto FILE Set HFS AutoStart file name
-no-desktop Do not create the HFS (empty) Desktop files
-hide-hfs GLOBFILE Hide HFS file
-hide-hfs-list FILE List of HFS files to hide
-hfs-volid HFS_VOLID Volume name for the HFS partition
-icon-position Keep HFS icon position
-root-info FILE finderinfo for root folder
-input-hfs-charset CHARSET Local input charset for HFS file name conversion
-output-hfs-charset CHARSET Output charset for HFS file name conversion
-hfs-unlock Leave HFS Volume unlocked
-hfs-bless FOLDER_NAME Name of Folder to be blessed
-hfs-parms PARAMETERS Comma separated list of HFS parameters
-prep-boot FILE PReP boot image file -- up to 4 are allowed
-chrp-boot Add CHRP boot header
--cap Look for AUFS CAP Macintosh files
--netatalk Look for NETATALK Macintosh files
--double Look for AppleDouble Macintosh files
--ethershare Look for Helios EtherShare Macintosh files
--exchange Look for PC Exchange Macintosh files
--sgi Look for SGI Macintosh files
--macbin Look for MacBinary Macintosh files
--single Look for AppleSingle Macintosh files
--ushare Look for IPT UShare Macintosh files
--xinet Look for XINET Macintosh files
--dave Look for DAVE Macintosh files
--sfm Look for SFM Macintosh files
--osx-double Look for MacOS X AppleDouble Macintosh files
--osx-hfs Look for MacOS X HFS Macintosh files
-no-hfs Do not create ISO9660/HFS hybrid
